In the long run, as people start consuming more nonfoods compulsively, pica can also cause additional nutritional deficiencies. Later research demonstrated that the substances ingested by those who have pica generally do not provide the mineral or nutrient in which people are deficient. In iron deficient pregnant women who experience symptoms of pagophagia, decreased cravings for ice have been observed after iron supplementation. Similarly, folk wisdom also maintained that pica reflected an appetite to compensate for nutritional deficiencies, such as low iron or zinc. Leading some investigators to postulate that some forms of pica may be the result of nutritional deficiency. However, different studies have included alternative definitions including "daily consumption of 2-11 full glasses of ice (480-2640g)" or "the purposeful ingestion of at least one ordinary tray of ice daily for a period in excess of two months." Pagophagia has been shown to be associated with iron-deficiency anemia and responsive to iron supplementation, Its medical definition refers to the persistent consumption of nonnutritive substances for over a period of at least one month. It is a form of the disorder known as pica, which in Latin refers to a magpie that eats everything indiscriminately. Pagophagia (from Greek: pagos, frost/ice, + phagō, to eat ) is the compulsive consumption of ice or iced drinks. Iron-deficiency anemia, psychological distress, pregnancyīased on signs and symptoms presented and blood tests such as a complete blood count Dental injury, worsening iron deficiency or other micronutrient deficiency, hyponatremia
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